Divisions Between Americans

The contradicting legacy of Brown worsened the division between two forces on the topic of slavery, leaving a permanent mark on U.S. history. The U.S. Civil War was the climax of the intensifying national division around what seemed to be an ever-lasting issue: slavery. Abolitionists, who supported the eradication of slavery, contributed to sparking the […]

The Last Moments of John Brown – Thomas Hovenden

Thomas Hovenden, who has actively participated in the Underground Railroad and anti-slavery assemblages together with his wife, illustrates John Brown in “The Last Moments of John Brown.”  This painting portrays John Brown stopping to kiss a black toddler while descending the stairs — from the courthouse perhaps — to his execution. It is December 2, […]

Jacob Lawrence – The Legend of John Brown

The series painted by Jacob Lawrence named “Legends of John Brown” portrays Brown as a visionary and confident leader and a martyr who is willing to sacrifice his own life for the cause of abolishing slavery. He believed that the reason for his existence was to devote himself to a lifelong struggle for justice among […]

Day of Tears

Day of Tears, written by Julius Lester in 2005, conveys how concealing one’s identity behind masks is harmful to people. Masks affect everyone, even the ones who are using them. It can affect trust between relationships, block one from realizing one’s faults, and even worse, make one repeat the wrong choices. However, the author also […]

What to the Slaves are the Fourth of July?

Frederick Douglass disapproves of the Fourth of July and its purposes and furthermore the new nation’s policies in regards to slavery. In his speech, Frederick Douglass conveyed his ideas through slaves’ perspectives on the Fourth of July. He asserts that the Founding Fathers’ pursuance for freedom in America is hypocrisy and deceiving. He points out […]

Civil Rights Response – The Rock and the River

The List of Requirements for Justice The Rock and the River demonstrates Sam’s journey in realizing how dedication, perseverance and cooperation are crucial to bringing justice to the world, with the help of Stick. The two brothers, Sam and Stick, find their own reasons to endeavor for justice at different times. Unlike Stick who strongly […]